Time：2022-09-26 Hit：

          Electric steam boiler is a special equipment that converts electrical energy into heat energy, heats water to boiling and generates steam. It is widely used in industrial production, commercial services, medical and health fields. The following is a detailed introduction about electric steam boilers:
1、 Working principle
The core principle of an electric steam boiler is to convert electrical energy into thermal energy to heat water. The specific process is as follows:
Water replenishment stage: Inject an appropriate amount of water into the boiler liner through an automatic water replenishment device (such as an electromagnetic valve controlled water supply pipeline), and the water level is monitored by a water level sensor to ensure that the water level is within a safe range.
Heating stage: After the power is turned on, the electric heating tubes (or heating rods) inside the boiler are electrified to generate heat, which is transferred to the water in the inner tank, gradually raising the water temperature to the boiling point (100 ℃ under standard atmospheric pressure). After the water boils, saturated steam is produced.
Steam output: The generated steam accumulates in the steam space above the boiler, and when the pressure reaches the set value, it is transported to the steam consuming equipment (such as steam engines, disinfection cabinets, reaction vessels, etc.) through steam pipelines.
Pressure and water level control: The boiler is equipped with a pressure controller and a water level controller. When the steam pressure exceeds the set upper limit, the heating system automatically stops working; When the water level is below the safe value, the water replenishment device is activated to ensure the safe operation of the boiler.
2、 Structural composition
The structure of an electric steam boiler is designed around four core functions: heating, water storage, pressure control, and safety. It mainly includes:
Boiler body:
Inner pot (drum): made of high temperature and high pressure resistant steel (such as Q245R boiler steel), used for storing water and generating steam. It is usually equipped with a guide device inside to evenly heat the water flow.
Electric heating elements: mostly tubular electric heating tubes (such as stainless steel heating tubes), directly immersed in water for heating, with high thermal efficiency (usually up to 95% or more). Some boilers use flange type heating tubes, which are easy to disassemble and repair.
Water supply system: including water pump, check valve, filter, make-up solenoid valve, etc., responsible for replenishing water to the boiler inner tank to ensure stable water level.
Steam system: composed of steam outlet valves, steam pipelines, and steam distribution cylinders (equipped for large boilers to distribute steam to multiple steam consumption points), delivering steam to terminal equipment.
Control system:
Control cabinet: Integrated with PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), touch screen, relay, etc., it can set parameters such as steam pressure, water temperature, and makeup water level to achieve automatic heating, makeup water, shutdown, and other functions.
Sensors: including pressure sensors (monitoring steam pressure), water level sensors (monitoring inner tank water level), temperature sensors (monitoring water temperature), real-time feedback of operating data to the control system.
safety system:
Safety valve: When the boiler pressure exceeds the design pressure, it automatically opens to release pressure and prevent overpressure explosion. It is the core safety device of the boiler.
Pressure controller: When the pressure reaches the upper limit, cut off the heating power supply; When the pressure is below the lower limit, restart the heating to achieve automatic pressure adjustment.
Low water level protection device: When the water level is lower than the safe water level, it immediately stops heating and alarms to prevent dry burning and damage to the heating tube and inner tank.
Drain valve: Regularly discharge the scale and impurities at the bottom of the inner tank to avoid affecting heating efficiency and equipment life.
3、 Equipment features
High thermal efficiency: Electric heating elements come into direct contact with water, resulting in low heat loss and a thermal efficiency typically ranging from 90% to 98%, much higher than coal-fired and oil fired boilers (with a thermal efficiency of about 60% to 85%).
Environmentally friendly and clean: powered by electricity, without combustion process, does not produce pollutants such as smoke, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, etc., meeting environmental requirements, especially suitable for places with high environmental requirements (such as food factories and hospitals).
Easy to operate: Equipped with a fully automatic control system, parameters can be set through a touch screen without the need for dedicated personnel, enabling unmanned operation.
Compact size: With a compact structure and small footprint, it is suitable for venues with limited space, such as laboratories and small workshops.
Quick start stop: After being powered on, it can quickly heat up and produce steam without preheating, and cool down quickly after shutdown, resulting in less energy waste.
High safety: equipped with multiple safety protection devices (overpressure protection, low water level protection, leakage protection, etc.), stable and reliable operation.